Choosing the Right 20ga Pheasant Loads: A Hunter's Guide to Steel & Non-Toxic Options
As a lifelong hunter and outdoor writer, I’ve spent countless hours in the field pursuing upland game, and one question consistently arises: what are the best pheasant loads? Specifically, what 20ga pheasant loads should you be using? The answer isn’t simple, and it’s become even more complex with the increasing need for non-toxic shot. This guide will break down everything you need to know about selecting the right ammunition for a successful and ethical pheasant hunt, covering steel, bismuth, and other alternatives, with a focus on the versatile 20 gauge. We’ll cover shot size for pheasant hunting, best steel shot size for pheasant, and even look at some budget-friendly options like cheapest steel shot.
The Shift to Non-Toxic Shot: Why It Matters
For decades, lead shot was the standard for pheasant hunting. However, the devastating effects of lead poisoning on wildlife, particularly waterfowl who ingest spent shot, led to widespread restrictions. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) mandated the use of non-toxic shot for all waterfowl hunting in 1991 (USFWS Regulations). While pheasant hunting isn’t always subject to the same federal regulations (check your state and local laws!), many states and wildlife management areas now require non toxic pheasant loads, and choosing them is simply the ethical thing to do. Understanding what is non toxic shot is the first step.
This has led to the development of several alternatives, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The most common are steel, bismuth, tungsten, and various tungsten-alloy blends.
Understanding Shot Size for Pheasant Hunting
Before diving into specific loads, let’s talk shot size for pheasant hunting. Pheasant are tough birds, and require sufficient energy to bring them down cleanly. Here’s a general guideline:
- #4 Shot: Excellent for close-range shots (under 30 yards) and is often preferred by experienced hunters.
- #5 Shot: A versatile choice for shots between 30-40 yards. A good all-around option.
- #6 Shot: Effective for shots out to 40+ yards, but requires precise shooting.
- #7.5 Shot: More commonly used for quail and grouse, but can work on pheasant at very close ranges.
Remember, these are guidelines. Factors like bird size, shooting skill, and the density of the shot material all play a role. For 20ga pheasant loads, you’ll generally want to lean towards larger shot sizes (#4 or #5) to compensate for the smaller payload compared to a 12 gauge.
Steel Shot: The Most Common Non-Toxic Option
Steel shot is the most affordable and widely available non toxic shotgun shells. However, it’s also the least dense, meaning it loses velocity and range more quickly than lead. This is why understanding best steel shot size for pheasant is crucial.
Popular Steel Loads for Pheasant
- Federal Prairie Storm Steel: A consistently well-regarded load, offering good pattern density and range. Available in various shot sizes, including #4, #5, and #6.
- Winchester Royal Blue Steel: Another reliable option, known for its consistent performance.
- Federal Upland Steel 20 Gauge: Specifically designed for upland game, this load provides a good balance of performance and affordability.
When using steel, it’s generally recommended to “step up” in shot size compared to what you’d use with lead. For example, if you typically shoot #5 lead, consider switching to #4 steel. Also, ensure your shotgun is properly proofed for steel shot – look for markings indicating it can handle the higher pressures. (NRAILA Article on Steel Shot)
Bismuth and Tungsten: Premium Non-Toxic Alternatives
Bismuth and tungsten are denser than steel, offering performance closer to lead. They maintain velocity and range better, allowing you to use smaller shot sizes. However, they are significantly more expensive.
Kent Bismuth Upland: A Top Performer
Kent bismuth upland is a popular choice for hunters seeking near-lead performance. Bismuth is softer than steel, reducing barrel wear, and patterns beautifully. It’s an excellent option if you’re willing to invest in premium ammunition. Many hunters find they can effectively use 7 1/2 shot for pheasant with bismuth, which wouldn’t be recommended with steel.
Tungsten Options
Tungsten alloys offer even greater density than bismuth, but come at an even higher price point. They are often favored by hunters targeting long-range pheasant or those hunting in areas with heavy cover.
20 Gauge vs. 12 Gauge: Which is Best?
The debate between 12 gauge pheasant loads and 20 gauge pheasant loads is ongoing. The 12 gauge offers a larger payload, resulting in more energy on target. However, the 20 gauge is lighter, has less recoil, and is often easier to swing quickly. For many hunters, the 20 gauge is perfectly adequate for pheasant hunting, especially with modern non toxic 20 gauge ammo.
When choosing a best 20 ga pheasant load, focus on maximizing the energy delivery within the 20 gauge’s limitations. Larger shot sizes (#4 or #5) and high-velocity loads are key.
Specific Load Recommendations & Comparisons
Here’s a quick comparison of some popular best pheasant shells:
| Load | Gauge | Shot Size | Type | Price (approx. per box of 25) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal Prairie Storm Steel | 20 | #4 | Steel | $35-45 | Excellent all-around performance. |
| Federal Upland Steel | 20 | #5 | Steel | $30-40 | Good value for upland game. |
| Kent Bismuth Upland | 20 | #6 | Bismuth | $60-80 | Near-lead performance, softer on barrels. |
| Winchester Pheasant Loads | 12 | #5 | Steel | $40-50 | Reliable and widely available. |
| Federal Ultra Clay and Field | 12 | #7.5 | Steel | $30-40 | Good for closer range shots. |
(Prices are approximate and may vary depending on location and retailer.)
Finding the Cheapest Steel Shot
If budget is a major concern, you’re likely looking for the cheapest steel shot. Winchester and Federal generally offer the most affordable steel options. However, remember that sacrificing quality can impact performance. Consider buying in bulk to save money.
Beyond the Shell: Ethical Hunting Practices
Choosing the right best load for pheasant hunting is only part of the equation. Ethical hunting practices are paramount. Always practice safe gun handling, identify your target clearly, and make clean, humane shots. Familiarize yourself with the principles of Leave No Trace (Leave No Trace) and respect the land and wildlife. Also, be sure to check your state’s hunting regulations regarding legal shooting hours, bag limits, and required licenses.
Final Thoughts on 20ga Pheasant Loads
Selecting the right 20ga pheasant load requires careful consideration of your hunting style, budget, and the specific conditions you’ll be facing. While steel shot is the most common non toxic shot shells option, bismuth and tungsten offer superior performance at a higher cost. Ultimately, the best shells for pheasant are the ones that allow you to consistently make ethical and effective shots. Don’t be afraid to experiment with different loads to find what works best for you and your shotgun. Happy hunting!
Disclaimer: I am an outdoor enthusiast and writer, not a firearms expert. Always consult with a qualified professional for advice on firearm safety and ammunition selection.